What are the basic principles of neurorehabilitation?（1） - โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง Center

Neurorehabilitation is a complex medical process designed to aid in recovery from nervous system damage and to minimize or compensate for any resulting functional changes. For a long time, due to the influence of the view that "neural cells cannot regenerate after death", the academic community has always believed that it is difficult to recover after severe nerve injury. The practice of clinical การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ medicine has confirmed that: the function of injury and neurological diseases can be recovered; the brain is plastic, and the function of the brain can be reorganized after brain injury. The list goes on for many brain-injured patients who recover, restore damaged neurological function, and even return to work. Therefore, mastering the principles of การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ is related to how to make the best recovery from nervous system damage.

Common situation

โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง Recovery, Cerebral Palsy, Parkinson's Disease, Brain Injury, Hypoxic Brain Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Post-Political Syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

The meaning of neurorehabilitation

By focusing on all aspects of a person, neurorehabilitation offers a range of treatments from psychological to occupational, teaches or retrains the patient's motor skills, communication processes, and other aspects of the person's daily activities. Neurorehabilitation also focuses on the nutritional, psychological and creative aspects of a person's recovery.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 1 : Early Rehabilitation

At this stage, patients generally show flaccid paralysis, with no voluntary muscle contractions and no joint response, and the body is basically in a state of complete relaxation; it is equivalent to Brunnstrom recovery stage 1-2.

In general, once a patient's condition has stabilized for 48 to 72 hours, recovery can be considered. The purpose of early การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ is to maximize the preservation of the patient's remaining functions and to avoid "disuse syndrome" caused by "braking" or "disuse".

Stimulate the nerves and muscles of the lower limbs, enhance the strength of the muscles of the lower limbs, and prevent muscle atrophy;

Improve the blood circulation of the lower extremities, strengthen the blood supply, and improve the nutritional supply of the lower extremities.

The passive motion at the bedside drives the patient's limbs to perform active and การฝึกแบบพาสซีฟ through the motor. It stimulates muscle movement through correct movement patterns, stimulates nerve tissue, improves blood circulation in affected limbs, promotes metabolism, increases joint mobility, and promotes the recovery of limb function.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 2 : Active Rehabilitation

With the in-depth research on the theory and practice of neuroplasticity and functional reorganization in academia, it has been clarified that the recovery and reconstruction of neurological function after injury is largely practice-dependent, time-dependent and dose-dependent in การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ treatment. of. Active การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ emphasizes that patients actively complete neurological activities, rather than relying on passive movement.

Therefore, in order to achieve the "maximum" effect of neurorehabilitation, it must rely on the patient's active participation in various neurological activities. Passive การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ methods should be minimized.

Through the mode of "upper limb drives lower limbs, healthy side drives the affected side, and one limb drives three limbs", it helps patients to do active exercise training for early functional movements.

The upper limb is a "stretch and reach" movement pattern, and the lower limb is a "pedal and step" pattern, which is beneficial to the reconstruction of the movement program after โรคหลอดเลือดสมอง.

Neurorehabilitation Principles 3 : Appropriate Rehabilitation

This principle is relative to the improper use of การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ techniques. Only by using appropriate การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ techniques can the neurological function move forward along the correct การฟื้นฟูสมรรถภาพ trajectory and avoid detours. For example, ภาวะกล้ามเนื้อหดเกร็ง is an inevitable phase of recovery for nearly every brain-injured patient. Improper training of upper and lower extremity strength can aggravate the spastic pattern of upper extremity flexors and lower extensor muscles, and eventually leave patients with disabilities. It can even be said that "improper training is worse than no training".